What Is Nephrotic Syndrome?
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney problem that causes your body to lose too much protein in urine. Because of this, swelling can happen in your legs, feet, or face. The kidneys are important for cleaning your blood. When they do not work well, waste and extra water can build up. As a result, you may feel tired or notice changes in your body. Nephrotic syndrome can affect both children and adults. Early care can help manage symptoms and protect kidney health.
Nephrotic Syndrome Symptoms
Many people first notice swelling, but there are other signs too. For example, you may see changes in your urine or feel more tired than usual. Below are common symptoms:Swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, or around the eyesFoamy or bubbly urineWeight gain from fluid buildupLoss of appetiteFeeling tired or weakHigh blood pressure
Sometimes, symptoms can be mild at first. However, they may get worse if not treated. If you notice these signs, it is important to see a doctor soon.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
Nephrotic syndrome happens when tiny filters in the kidneys, called glomeruli, get damaged. Because of this, protein leaks into the urine. There are several causes:Diseases that affect only the kidneys, like minimal change diseaseOther illnesses, such as diabetes or lupusInfections, for example hepatitis or HIVCertain medicines, including some painkillersGenetic factors, especially in children
Anyone can get nephrotic syndrome. However, it is more common in children aged 2 to 6 and adults over 60. Some regions may see higher rates due to infections or genetic factors. If you have a family history of kidney disease, your risk may be higher.
How Is Nephrotic Syndrome Diagnosed?
Doctors use several tests to find out if you have nephrotic syndrome. First, they will ask about your symptoms and check for swelling. Next, they may order these tests:Urine test: Checks for high protein levelsBlood test: Looks at protein, cholesterol, and kidney functionImaging tests: Such as ultrasound, to see kidney size and shapeKidney biopsy: Sometimes, a small piece of kidney is checked under a microscope
Early diagnosis helps prevent more kidney damage. Therefore, it is important to get tested if you have symptoms.
Treatment for Nephrotic Syndrome
Treatment depends on the cause and how severe the symptoms are. The main goals are to reduce swelling, lower protein loss, and protect the kidneys. Common treatments include:Medicines: Such as steroids, blood pressure pills, and water pills (diuretics)Diet changes: Eating less salt to help control swellingTreating infections: If an infection is the cause, antibiotics may be neededManaging other health problems: Like diabetes or high blood pressure
Sometimes, people need to see a kidney specialist, called a nephrologist. With the right care, many people can manage their symptoms and live well.
Lifestyle Tips and Prevention
Although not all cases can be prevented, healthy habits can support kidney health. Here are some tips:Eat a balanced diet with less salt and processed foodsDrink enough water, but not too muchExercise regularly, but avoid overexertionTake medicines as prescribed by your doctorGet regular check-ups, especially if you have diabetes or high blood pressureAvoid smoking and limit alcohol
For children, regular doctor visits can help catch problems early. Adults should also watch for changes in their health and seek help if needed.
Summary
Nephrotic syndrome is a serious kidney condition, but early care can make a big difference. Because symptoms like swelling and foamy urine can be easy to miss, it is important to know what to watch for. If you or your loved one has signs of nephrotic syndrome, do not wait. Consult a kidney specialist for personalized advice on nephrotic syndrome.